آنالیز بازار دریایی پاناما

در این فایل، بازار دریایی پاناما در حوزه تجارت کانتینری بررسی شده است. حمل و نقل کانتینری رشد زیادی در بازار دریایی داشته و ار این رو می تواند راهنمایی برای بررسی بازار های کانتینری در دیگر نقاط جهان باشد.

به دنبال افتتاح آبراه های جدید کانال توسعه یافتۀ پاناما امکان ترانزیت شناور کانتینری پاناماکس با ظرفیت بیش از سه هزار TEU و عرضِ حداکثریِ 32.3 متری از این مسیر فراهم آمده است. با این وجود و بر اساس پیش بینی های شرکت خدمات تحقیقاتی کلارکسونِ لندن، افزایش سریع سایز شناورهای پست پاناماکس موجب شده تا ظرفیت ناوگان های کانتینری متشکل از شناورهایی پاناماکس و کوچکتر محدود تر شوند. بر همین اساس و در آغاز ماه جولای سال جاری میلادی، 63 درصد از شناورهای کانتینری قادر به عبور از آبراه های قدیمی کانال پاناما نبودند.

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Summary:

Container Segment Analysis 

The container segment is the largest and fastest growing segment for the Panama Canal, providing over 33 percent of toll revenues in FY2003, and growing during 1990-2003 by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11 percent.1 This segment traces its roots to 1956, when the first containership left the dock from Newark, NJ.

The concept was an instant success and by 1968 about 30 percent of shipments of breakbulk cargo in major trade lanes were containerized, amounting to about 11 million tons. Today, the container is the standard means of transporting most cargo except for bulk commodities and vehicles, and it is estimated that about 43 percent2 of all dry cargo now moves in containers. As a result, container cargo movements have grown dramatically in relation to overall dry cargo trade: From 1980 through 2002, while dry cargo trade grew by a compound annual rate of 3.3 percent, container cargo grew by 8 percent.3 Prior to the use of containers, ocean cargo moved in “breakbulk”. Packages would be unloaded from trucks at the docks, put into pallets, hoisted on board the ship, and stored.
The process would be reversed at the unloading port, and the entire operation was phenomenally inefficient. Ships would require days, even weeks, to load and unload.
Cargo was exposed to frequent damage and theft, and stevedoring labor costs alone amounted to about 60% of the total transport cost. By using standardized containers,
shippers were assured that their cargo would arrive intact, ships could be loaded and unloaded at high speed, and labor demands were reduced. Containers are loaded at the
customer’s facility, delivered on a chassis to a dedicated container terminal, and loaded on a ship by specialized high-speed cranes